As you can see in the product list of Gostaresh Tejarat Sadr Pazh, several products are presented in dry and juicy form :
In this article, we intend to express the concept of anhydrous and monohydrate and the difference between the two types:
Materials are present in solid, liquid and gas phases. They differ in their components. The same chemical has different properties depending on the state in which it is located. Because water is ubiquitous, water is more likely to be present in chemicals. There are water vapors in the atmosphere.
Although we store chemicals where there is no water, water in the atmosphere can be absorbed by some chemicals.
Therefore, if we want to have a chemical without water, we need to keep it in a dry place without water. Sometimes another substance, such as silica gel, can be used to absorb atmospheric water in the container, so that the chemicals are exposed to the least amount of barley water.
How water is absorbed varies from chemical to chemical. Some chemicals are completely non-polar. They do not like to interact with water. Therefore, they repel water molecules.
For example, ether, benzene and acetone are substances that do not have water. Anhydrous is a term used in chemistry to describe such compounds. Some chemicals absorb water and contain water. Water molecules are called hydrated molecules. Chemicals that are able to absorb air moisture are said to be dehumidifiers. The amount of water absorption in each chemical can be different.
A piece of sodium in the air can absorb moisture very quickly, while sugar absorbs water slowly. Not only water absorption but also the amount of water that a substance can absorb varies from substance to substance.
For example, some substances, such as sodium, absorb water until it dissolves. Some substances contain only one molecule of water in each of those molecules. Likewise, some have 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, water molecules and so on.
As mentioned earlier, the amount of water in a substance can change its properties. For example, we know that a salt crystal (sodium chloride) dissolves when it absorbs water. But there are some compounds in the solid state. They may contain one or more water molecules. But shapes with water and shapes without water may differ in color, texture, reactivity, and so on.
Anhydrous
It is said to be a chemical without water, which does not contain water. For some reactions, it is specified to perform the reaction in anhydrous conditions. In that case, we must use chemicals without water and react in containers without water.
The Grignard reaction is one of these reactions in which the reaction must be performed in anhydrous conditions. Copper sulfate can be found in anhydrous form where it is white (otherwise present as pentahydrate and blue in color).
We can obtain anhydrous solutions by boiling. Boiling evaporates water and gives a dehydrated liquid. Otherwise we can use a substance that absorbs all the water and makes it dry. We can also use molecular sieves or add alkaline bases such as potassium hydroxide.
Monohydrate
Monohydrate in each unit of the formula contains one molecule of water. Usually the number of water molecules that a molecule of matter has is written as a “chemical formula”: n H2O
(n in this formula indicates the number of water molecules, and if the compound is single hydrated, n is equal to one.)
What is the difference between dry (Anhydrous) and juicy (Monohydrate)?
Anhydrous means without water and monohydrate means containing a molecule of water.
The anhydrous form and the monohydrate form of chemicals may differ in their reaction, color, and phase.
